鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区二叠纪孢粉化石组合特征          下载免费PDF全文

高存山 《山东国土资源》2018,34(11)

通过对延长油矿延223井晚古生代孢粉组合研究以及古植被的恢复,探讨了该区晚古生代孢粉植物化石组合的地层学和古气候意义。根据孢粉化石主要属种的时代分布及其在各样品中百分含量的规律性变化,自下而上建立了3个孢粉组合:Gulisporites cochlearius-Laevigatosporites minimus组合、Sinulatisporites-Florinites组合和Lueckeisporites permianus-Platysaccus radialis组合。根据对划分孢粉组合的特征分析,通过与邻区及华北地区晚古生代孢粉组合的对比,探讨了孢粉组合的时代意义。通过孢粉组合,推测了相应时期的古植被类型,并与前人在相同地质时期所建立的大植物化石带进行了对比,分析了各地质时期植被的兴起、发展、繁盛以及衰退绝灭的历史过程,研究区二叠纪植物群属于典型的华夏植物群,反映了一种温暖潮湿的热带雨林气候,二叠纪晚期随着松柏类植物所占比例的增加,气候有变干旱的趋势。  相似文献   

浅析宁波盆地膏盐地层的时代──兼对“宁波盆地北部的长河群”之时代质疑     

鞠天吟 《浙江国土资源》1995,(1)

宁波盆地地下揭示的一套包含暗色膏硝质泥岩、泥质白云岩在内的紫红、灰紫色泥岩、棕褐色砂砾岩、细砂岩和玻屑凝灰岩的地层，均称方岩组，内含膏盐并具油色显示。对其时代有早、晚白垩世和早第三纪之认识，笔者从70～90年代地质工作中所获化石分析认为，虽然宁波盆地这一层位含化石不丰，但从分布及数量上比较，相对占优势的应该是孢粉和植物化石，其时代意见也较为一致，指示为早白垩世。  相似文献   

The Lower Permian Wasp Head Formation,Sydney Basin: high‐latitude,shallow marine sedimentation following the late Asselian to early Sakmarian glacial event in eastern Australia     

MICHAEL C. RYGEL  CHRISTOPHER R. FIELDING  KERRIE L. BANN  TRACY D. FRANK  LAUREN BIRGENHEIER  STUART C. TYE 《Sedimentology》2008,55(5):1517-1540

The Lower Permian Wasp Head Formation (early to middle Sakmarian) is a ～95 m thick unit that was deposited during the transition to a non‐glacial period following the late Asselian to early Sakmarian glacial event in eastern Australia. This shallow marine, sandstone‐dominated unit can be subdivided into six facies associations. (i) The marine sediment gravity flow facies association consists of breccias and conglomerates deposited in upper shoreface water depths. (ii) Upper shoreface deposits consist of cross‐stratified, conglomeratic sandstones with an impoverished expression of the Skolithos Ichnofacies. (iii) Middle shoreface deposits consist of hummocky cross‐stratified sandstones with a trace fossil assemblage that represents the Skolithos Ichnofacies. (iv) Lower shoreface deposits are similar to middle shoreface deposits, but contain more pervasive bioturbation and a distal expression of the Skolithos Ichnofacies to a proximal expression of the Cruziana Ichnofacies. (v) Delta‐influenced, lower shoreface‐offshore transition deposits are distinguished by sparsely bioturbated carbonaceous mudstone drapes within a variety of shoreface and offshore deposits. Trace fossil assemblages represent distal expressions of the Skolithos Ichnofacies to stressed, proximal expressions of the Cruziana Ichnofacies. Impoverished trace fossil assemblages record variable and episodic environmental stresses possibly caused by fluctuations in sedimentation rates, substrate consistencies, salinity, oxygen levels, turbidity and other physio‐chemical stresses characteristic of deltaic conditions. (vi) The offshore transition‐offshore facies association consists of mudstone and admixed sandstone and mudstone with pervasive bioturbation and an archetypal to distal expression of the Cruziana Ichnofacies. The lowermost ～50 m of the formation consists of a single deepening upward cycle formed as the basin transitioned from glacioisostatic rebound following the Asselian to early Sakmarian glacial to a regime dominated by regional extensional subsidence without significant glacial influence. The upper ～45 m of the formation can be subdivided into three shallowing upward cycles (parasequences) that formed in the aftermath of rapid, possibly glacioeustatic, rises in relative sea‐level or due to autocyclic progradation patterns. The shift to a parasequence‐dominated architecture and progressive decrease in ice‐rafted debris upwards through the succession records the release from glacioisostatic rebound and amelioration of climate that accompanied the transition to broadly non‐glacial conditions.  相似文献   

Biocorrosion by Bivalves   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Karl  Kleemann 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):145-158

Abstract. A survey of the historical background of chemically boring bivalves and the proposed methods of boring, indications for biocorrosion, observations, and experimental results are provided. The regional impact to the ecosystem is discussed with examples from the N. Adriatic, Caribbean, and E. Pacific. The fossil record of the geologically oldest biocorroders extends back into the Mesozoic, i.e ., U. Triassic for Lithophaga and Jurassic for gastrochaenids.  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地沙河街组钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

唐祥华 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1993,13(1):41-45

渤海湾盆地沙河街组中钙质超微化石的发现,表明这一时期渤海湾盆地与海水有过联系。对钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境研究表明,化石主要产出时代为始新世晚期至渐新世早中期,属“间冰期”亚热带气候型。这一问题的深入研究,对于渤海湾盆地的石油勘探有重要意义。  相似文献   

化学地层学研究中的若干注意事项     

刘疆  白志强 《物探与化探》2008,32(4):345-349

化学地层学因其交叉学科特点和研究对象的复杂性使得研究过程中任何一个环节的不足都将造成测试出现偏差,成果的可信度也将出现问题。高昂的成本也要求研究者把有限的资源集中到正确的目标上。近20年研究历程却恰恰将此类性质的问题陆续暴露了出来。如采样阶段获取原生性状考虑不充分或依据不足、测试阶段缺乏校验、数据分析阶段挖潜和综合利用有待完善以及化学岩、碎屑岩和生物岩各自的基础性和针对性研究有待提高等。有些问题带有相当程度的普遍性,有些甚至是严重的核心技术问题。笔者结合最新相关研究成果对上述问题进行了逐一分析和系统修正。  相似文献   

“硅化”不是“树化”“化石”不能称“化玉”对“树化玉”名词的商榷     

孟祥振  赵梅芳 《上海国土资源》2008,(1):69-70

硅化木,又称树化石、木化石,无论它的内在品质多么优良,依然是“化石”身份,不能把优质硅化木称为“树化玉”。因为按照所谓“化”的含义,“树化玉”就只能解释为“玉”变成了“树”,或解释为“玉”具有了“树”的一些性质和特征,这显然是不对的。再如,古生物化石也不能称为“古生物化玉”。所以将硅化木称“树化玉”是欠妥的。  相似文献   

评“河南西峡盆地产恐龙蛋地层研究新进展”   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王德有  周世全 《地层学杂志》1996,20(4):315-319

＂河南西峡盆地产恐龙蛋地层研究新进展＂一文主张用＂走马岗组＂、＂赵营组＂和＂六爷庙组＂来替代正式命名的一套地层名称,这样做既不符合地层命名原则,又易引起新的不必要的混乱。在晚白垩世时西峡、淅川两盆地在岩性组合特征上是相似的,浙川盆地并不是＂岩性特征简单＂,西峡盆地也不是＂岩性复杂＂。西峡盆地晚白垩世＂红层＂应采用＂高沟组、马家村组和寺沟组＂这套地层名称。  相似文献   

Environmental records of carbonaceous fly-ash particles from fossil-fuel combustion   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Maria Wik  Ingemar Renberg 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):193-206

Analysis of fly-ash particles in lake sediments has become increasingly important in studies of environmental pollution and lake acidification history. Most fly-ash studies have concerned black spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP)(>5 m) produced from oil and coal combustion. This review paper provides a summary of this technique and its application, and focusses on our investigations in Sweden between 1979 and 1993. It consists of five parts: i) preparation and analysis methods, ii) historical trends in atmospheric deposition, iii) geographical surveys of atmospheric deposition, iv) sediment dating, and v) studies of sedimentation processes in lakes. Methods for preparation and analyses of SCP have been developed and applied to investigations using sediment, soil and snow samples. Stratigraphic trends of SCP concentrations in lake-sediment cores reflect the consumption history of fossil fuels. A characteristic temporal SCP pattern, with a marked concentration increase beginning after the 1940's and a peak in the early 1970's, has been recognized in most Swedish lakes and elsewhere in Europe. A survey of SCP concentrations in surface sediments of >100 lakes covering Sweden demonstrated that polluted areas in southern Sweden had >100 times higher SCP concentrations than clean areas in the north. The spatial distribution of SCP over Sweden is similar to the deposition pattern of long-range transported airborne pollutants, such as excess sulphate monitored by network stations. SCP also accumulate in soils, and soil analyses can be used for determining the integrated historical deposition of SCP at the local or regional scale. Finally, SCP have been used for indirect dating of sediment cores and as a marker to assess sediment distribution patterns within lake basins.  相似文献   

Fossil carotenoids and paleolimnology of meromictic Mahoney Lake,British Columbia,Canada     

Jörg Overmann  Gerhard Sandmann  Ken J. Hall  Tom G. Northcote 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(1):31-39

Vertical distribution of fossil carotenoids in a sediment core from meromictic Mahoney Lake was studied. Besides okenone and demethylated okenone, lutein and zeaxanthin and-carotene isomers were identified. No carotenoids typical for purple nonsulfur or green sulfur bacteria were detected. The ratio of zeaxanthin to lutein (above 1:1 in all samples) indicates a dominance of cyanobacteria over green algae in the phytoplankton assemblages of the past. Okenone, which is found exclusively in Chromatiaceae, was the dominating carotenoid in all sediment zones.The oldest sediment layers containing okenone were deposited 11 000 years ago. Between 9000 and 7000 and since 3000 years b.p., Chromatiaceae reached a considerable biomass in the lake. Vertical changes in okenone concentration were not related to changes of paleotemperatures. In contrast, okenone concentrations decreased during periods of volcanic ash input. During most of the lake history, however, mean okenone concentrations were positively correlated with sedimentation rates. This indicates that vertical changes of okenone concentration in the sediment reflect past changes of purple sulfur bacterial biomass in the lake.According to these results, the past limnology of Mahoney Lake resembled that of the present with a sulfide-containing monimolimnion and a well-developed population of okenone-bearing purple sulfur bacteria.  相似文献